The tubes were charged and tested under two conditions. Hydrogen induced stress cracking in uns s32750 super duplex stainless steel tube weld joint article in international journal of hydrogen energy 4047 september 2015 with 45 reads. Our hydrogen embrittlement testing labs can carry out hisc testing of nickel alloys and duplex stainless steels, widely used in subsea components, to. Hydrogen induced stress cracking hisc of duplex material. This hisc course is based on dnvglrpf112 duplex stainless steel design against hydrogen induced stress cracking. Industry subsea failures have resulted from hisc under loadcontrol scenarios where local strain levels exceed a. A number of notable failure cases have however drawn attention to the risk of hydrogen embrittlement or hydrogen induced stress cracking hisc associated with the use of duplex stainless steels for subsea components that are exposed to external cathodic protection cp. It involves the ingress of hydrogen into a component, an event that can seriously reduce the ductility and loadbearing capacity, cause cracking and catastrophic brittle failures at stresses below the yield stress of susceptible materials. Amir bahrami and paul woollin, hydrogen induced stress cracking of duplex stainless steel subsea components, twi ltd, cambridge, uk. At the prevalent low electrochemical potentials, atomic hydrogen will be generated on the steel surfaces by the reduction of sea water. The chlorideinduced stress corrosion cracking scc resistance of nitrogenalloyed, powder metallurgically pm produced and hot isostatically pressed hip duplex stainless steels dss was investigated and compared to the scc resistance of two commercial wrought forged dss. The chloride induced stress corrosion cracking scc resistance of nitrogenalloyed, powder metallurgically pm produced and hot isostatically pressed hip duplex stainless steels dss was investigated and compared to the scc resistance of two commercial wrought forged dss. Ferritic steels are also resistant to cracking but may corrode. This is a type of deterioration which can be linked to corrosion and corrosioncontrol processes.
Lean duplex stainless steel within the oil and gas industry and stress corrosion resistance of duplex grades, published by outukumpu acom. Duplex stainless steel design against hydrogen induced stress cracking. Hydrogen cracking of ferriticaustenitic stainless steel weld. May 07, 2019 duplex stainless steels 22cr duplex and 25cr super duplex are susceptible to hydrogen induced stress cracking hisc under cathodic protection cp. It can lead to unexpected sudden failure of normally ductile metal alloys subjected to a tensile stress, especially at elevated temperature. Experience has shown that stainless steels can suffer from hydrogen induced stress cracking hisc under cathodic protection in seawater. Download the dnv gls recommended practice for duplex stainless steel design against hydrogen induced stress cracking. Duplex stainless steels dsss are widely used by oil and gas industry due to their good corrosion and mechanical properties, which made them suitable for subsea applications. Hsc is a form of environmentally assisted cracking in. The brittle nature of the fracture surface, calcareous deposits on the component, and exposure to cathodic protection suggested hydrogeninduced stress cracking. Astm f519 hydrogen embrittlement he testing element. The following sandvik grades have very good or excellent resistance to chlorideinduced stress corrosion cracking.
Hydrogen induced stress cracking in uns s32750 super. Pdf resistance toward hydrogeninduced stress cracking of hot. Proceedings of the asme 2010 29th international conference on ocean, offshore and arctic engineering. When connected to cathodically protected carbon steels, super duplex stainless steels will also be cathodically protected.
Hisc is a term to refer to hydrogen stress cracking hsc of duplex and super duplex stainless steels dss and sdss, respectivelywhen exposed to hydrogen generated by cathodic protection. Hydrogen induced stress cracking civilweb spreadsheets. Fundamentals of hydrogen induced stress cracking in duplex stainless steels 20190219t12. Hydrogen induced craking hic, also referred to as hydrogen stress cracking or static fatigue, is a typical form of hydrogen embrittlement. Unfortunately, while this technique is useful and intended to prevent structural carbonsteel components from seawater corrosion, it can introduce atomic hydrogen to the dss components attached to the structural carbon steels, which are known to be susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement via hydrogen induced stress cracking hisc. This paper summarizes the results of an extensive investigation aimed at elucidating the rootcause of the failure. Super duplex stainless steel structures subjected to cathodic protection are prone to hydrogen embrittlement. Hydrogen induced stress cracking hisc rolled alloys, inc. Hydrogen stress cracking is a form of hydrogen embrittlement that occurs when corrosion from acids like wet hydrogen sulfide and hydrofluoric acid cause atomic hydrogen to penetrate hardened or higher strength steels and cause stress cracking.
Duplex stainless steels are widely used in subsea petroleum production installation. The hydrogen induced pitting corrosion mechanism in duplex stainless steel studied by currentsensing atomic force microscopy. Fundamentals of hydrogen induced stress cracking in duplex stainless steels. Hydrogen induced stress cracking of super duplex stainless. Hydrogen induced stress cracking for duplex stainless steel in subsea use. Hydrogen induced cracking of subsea duplex stainless steel. It is characterized by the brittle fracture of a normally ductile alloy under sustained load in the presence of hydrogen. Hydrogeninduced stress cracking of swaged super duplex stainless steel subsea components, corrosion.
Scc is highly chemically specific in that certain alloys are likely to undergo scc only when exposed to a small number of chemical environments. For the latter two examples, the material will act as cathode resulting into a hydrogen evolution and. Hydrogen induced cracking in austeniticferritic duplex stainless steels, proc conf. The hydrogen induced mechanical degradation of duplex. Hydrogen induced stress cracking hisc of duplex material 1 day.
To add this web app to the home screen open the browser option menu and tap on add to homescreen. The hydrogeninduced pitting corrosion mechanism in duplex stainless steel studied by currentsensing atomic force microscopy. Experiences with hydrogen induced stress cracking of. Duplex stainless steels 86, the hague, the netherlands, 2628 october 1986, nederlands institut voor latechniek, 1986, paper 26, 268279. Ferritic stainless steels, on the other hand, tend to be fairly resistant to hydrogen stress cracking due to their comparatively low hardness. In this work, the hydrogen embrittlement of super duplex stainless steel tubes uns s32750 under different hydrogen charging conditions was investigated. The blistering damage tends to form parallel to the surface and to the direction of hoop stress.
The measured hydrogen content in parts of the material exceeded 40 ppm, more than an order of magnitude higher than what is normally expected in super duplex stainless steels. Hydrogen induced stress cracking hisc and dnvrpf112 abstractexecutive summary duplex stainless steels are widely used in subsea petroleum production installation. Duplex stainless steel design against hydrogen induced stress cracking english. Duplex stainless steel design against hydrogen induced stress cracking this rp covers the design of components made from duplex stainless steels that are installed subsea and are exposed to cathodic protection, by. Hydrogen induced stress cracking hisc of duplex material 1. Hydrogen induced stress cracking hisc resistance and. It is a complex process that is not completely understood because of the variety and complexity of mechanisms that can lead to embrittlement. The root cause of these failures was identified to be hydrogen induced stress cracking, hisc, where the hydrogen source was the. The welded microstructure accelerates the hydrogen diffusion. Hydrogen induced stress cracking of swaged 25cr super duplex stainless steel subsea endfittings available for download in 2018 the apparent failure of two subsea jumper endfittings was detected by remotely operated vehicle rov inspection prompting their retrieval from the seabed for analysis. Miura m and ogawa k, hydrogen embrittled cracking in duplex stainless steel weld metal, iiw doc ix146187. A small number of duplex and superduplex stainless steel components have failed in subsea service due to hydrogen induced stress cracking hisc.
The significance of these failures has led to research to define critical loading conditions for hisc, to allow confident design of components in future. Hydrogeninduced cracking hic refers to the internal cracks brought about by material trapped in budding hydrogen atoms. Hydrogeninduced stress cracking of swaged super duplex stainless steel subsea components august 1, 2019 by mariano iannuzzi hisc is the achilles heel of. Hydrogen induced stress cracking of swaged 25cr super duplex.
Includes all amendments and changes through amendment, december 2019. Hisc is a term to refer to hydrogen stress cracking hsc of duplex and super duplex stainless steels dss and sdss, respectivelywhen exposed to hydrogen generated by cathodic. Hydrogen induced stress cracking in uns s32750 super duplex. Hydrogen induced stress cracking for duplex stainless. Experiences with hydrogen induced stress cracking of duplex.
Fundamentals of hydrogen induced stress cracking in duplex. Duplex stainless steels are widely used in subsea petro. However, a number of failures have occurred, which were attributed to hydrogen. Hydrogen embrittlement he also known as hydrogen assisted cracking hac and hydrogen induced cracking hic, describes the embrittling of metal after being exposed to hydrogen. However, a number of failures have occurred, which were attributed to hydrogen induced stress cracking hisc. Otc 24356 advanced forging process afptm, super duplex stainless steel for increased low temperature impact toughness and resistance to hydrogen induced stress. Pdf hydrogeninduced stress cracking of swaged super duplex. Oilgas training subsea, risers and umbillicals hydrogen induced stress cracking hisc design and material consideration course 1 day this hisc course is based on dnvglrpf112 duplex stainless steel design against hydrogen induced stress cracking. Duplex stainless steels 22cr duplex and 25cr super duplex are susceptible to hydrogen induced stress cracking hisc under cathodic protection cp. Welding may cause increased hydrogen induced stress cracking susceptibility in the weld metal and in the haz adjacent to the fusion line. Duplex and superduplex stainless steels, why is everyone. Jun 03, 2018 hydrogeninduced cracking hic refers to the internal cracks brought about by material trapped in budding hydrogen atoms. Hydrogen induced stress cracking of duplex stainless steel. Hydrogen induced stress cracking hisc when connected to cathodically protected carbon steels, super duplex stainless steels will also be cathodically protected even though this is not necessary.
Hydrogen induced stress cracking hisc and dnvrpf112. Hydrogen induced cold cracking in a low alloy steel. Hydrogen induced stress cracking hisc resistance and improvement methods for super duplex stainless steels. Hydrogen cracking of ferriticaustenitic stainless steel. The root cause of these failures was identified to be hydrogen induced stress cracking, hisc, where the hydrogen source was the cathodic protection system of the subsea facility. Mar, 2020 hydrogeninduced stress cracking of swaged super duplex stainless steel subsea components august 1, 2019 by mariano iannuzzi hisc is the achilles heel of duplex and super duplex stainless steels. Hydrogen induced stress cracking of superduplex steels. Hydrogen induced stress cracking in uns s32750 super duplex stainless steel tube weld joint.
The failures were linked to hydrogen embrittlement under stress, also called hisc. The results showed that the failure developed from a combination of factors, typical for hydrogeninduced stress cracking. A recent subsea failure of two subsea connectors made of uns s32760, a 25 wt% cr super duplex stainless steel, led to an extensive root cause failure analysis. Hydrogen induced stress cracking for duplex stainless steel. Hydrogen induced stress cracking of swaged super duplex. The visual appearance of the fracture surface suggested at first glance cleavage fracture and thus the possibility of hydrogen induced stress cracking hisc. Hydrogen induced cracking hic is a common form of wet h2s cracking caused by the blistering of a metal due to a high concentration of hydrogen. About corrosion all about corrosion science and engineering. Hydrogeninduced stress cracking of swaged super duplex. Hydrogen charging was performed both in unloaded and in elastically stressed specimens. In this environment the use of cathodic protection cp, to prevent corrosion, generates. Hydrogen induced stress cracking of duplex stainless steel subsea components. Hydrogeninduced craking hic, also referred to as hydrogen stress cracking or static fatigue, is a typical form of hydrogen embrittlement.
Dnvglrpf112 duplex stainless steel design against hydrogen induced stress cracking recommended practice this recommended practice rp covers the design of components made from duplex stainless steels that are installed subsea and are exposed to cathodic protection. In many instances such steels are a robust solution to the design and manufacturing challenges. Stress corrosion cracking scc is the growth of crack formation in a corrosive environment. The brittle nature of the fracture surface, calcareous deposits on the ferrule and exposure to cathodic protection suggested hydrogen induced stress cracking hisc. Pdf the resistance toward hydrogeninduced stress cracking hisc of forged and hot isostoiically pressed hip super duplex stainless steel. It involves atomic hydrogen, which is the smallest atom, that diffuses into a metallic structure. The paper presents the results of a laboratory investigation of the microbiologically assisted hydrogen. By browsing the site you agree to our use of cookies. Sep 25, 2018 however, bp and shell experience some serious cracking of duplex steel in the mid 90ties and in beginning of the century.
The ssc of medium strength steels has been a continuing source of trouble in the oil fields, and from these troubles has evolved in international standards 6. Hydrostactic stress fields enhances the hydrogen solubility and permeability. The results showed that the failure developed from a combination of factors, typical for hydrogen induced stress cracking. Jun 27, 2019 the brittle nature of the fracture surface, calcareous deposits on the ferrule and exposure to cathodic protection suggested hydrogen induced stress cracking hisc. Blanchard duplex stainless steels dsss are widely used by oil and gas industry due to their good corrosion and mechanical properties, which made them suitable for subsea applications. Hic usually occurs due to the effects of aqueous hydrogen charging of steel in wet h2s refinery process environments.
Grades with high resistance to chlorideinduced stress corrosion cracking scc duplex stainless steels, austenitic stainless steels with a high nickel content 25%. However, the reported hydrogen diffusivity in duplex. The significance of these failures has led to research aimed at defining critical conditions for hisc, to allow confident design of components in future. Industry subsea failures have resulted from hisc under loadcontrol scenarios where local strain levels exceed a critical strain threshold. However, bp and shell experience some serious cracking of duplex steel in the mid 90ties and in beginning of the century. Stress corrosion cracking of duplex stainless steels in. Corrosionpedia what is hydrogeninduced cracking hic. Hydrogen embrittlement he also known as hydrogen assisted cracking hac and hydrogeninduced cracking hic, describes the embrittling of metal after being exposed to hydrogen. Chlorideinduced stress corrosion cracking of powder. Duplex and superduplex stainless steels, why is everyone so. Processes or conditions involving wet hydrogen sulfide, i. The testing of susceptibility toward hisc was performed with two different methods. Ferriticaustenitic duplex stainless steels should be regarded as potentially susceptible to hydrogen induced stress cracking, independent of smys typically 400 to 550 mpa or specified maximum hardness. Hydrogen induced stress cracking hisc resistance and improvement.